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The thorn-tailed rayadito (''Aphrastura spinicauda'') is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is found in temperate forests and subtropical dry shrubland south of 35°S, though in shaded areas with relictual forests it can occur as far north as 28°S.〔Vergara Pablo M. and Marquet Pablo A.; “On the seasonal effect of landscape structure on a bird species: the thorn-tailed rayadito in a relict forest in northern Chile” in ''Landscape Ecology''; Volume 22, Number 7 (2007), pp. 1059-1071〕 Some sources suggest it may formerly have occurred in the Falkland Islands. It remains the commonest and best-known native bird in temperate forests of Zona Austral and Zona Sur in Chile,〔Ridgely, Robert S. and Tudor, Guy; ''Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: The Passerines''; pp. 285-286. ISBN 9780292717480〕 often occurring at densities of well over one individual per hectare. ==Description== The thorn-tailed rayadito is approximately in length including the tail, and an average adult weighs around , with males being around 10 percent heavier than females.〔Moreno, Juan, Merino, Santiago, Lobato, Elisa, Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A. and Vásquez Rodrigo A.; “Sexual dimorphism and parental roles in the thorn-tailed rayadito (Furnariidae)” in ''The Condor'' 109(2):312-320 (2007)〕 The most distinctive feature of a bird frequently compared to a tit〔Moreno, Juan, Merino, Santiago, Vásquez, Rodrigo A. and Armesto, Juan J.; “Breeding biology of the thorn-tailed rayadito (Furnariidae) in south-temperate rainforests of Chile” in ''The Condor'', 107(1):69-77 (2005)〕 is the long “thorn”-tail with twelve spiny retrices, which gradually develops in juveniles as they mature.〔 This thorn-tail is believed to be used, not to aid in climbing trees as in other funariids like the tit-spinetails, but to attract the opposite sex during courtship.〔 The plumage of the thorn-tailed rayadito is brown with several black lines above and generally white below in the nominate subspecies ''Aphrastura spinicauda spinicauda'', whilst in ''Aphrastura spinicauda fulva'' of Chiloé the throat is cinnamon instead of white and in ''Aphrastura spinicauda bullocki'' of Mocha Island the dorsal side is entirely brown without black lines and the throat is white. Typical voices of the thorn-tailed rayadito include:〔Ippi, Silvina, Vásquez, Rodrigo A., Van Donger, Wouter F.D. and Lazzoni, Ilena; “Geographical variation in the vocalizations of the suboscine Thorn-tailed Rayadito ''Aphrastura spinicauda''” in ''Ibis''; Volume 153, Issue 4, pages 789–805, October 2011〕 # A loud trill # An alarm call, described as a scolding “tsii...tsii...tsii” # A softer repetitive trill “trrrrrreet”〔 # A chorus call used during the nonbreeding season〔Vuilleumier, François; “Mixed Species Flocks in Patagonian Forests, with Remarks on Interspecies Flock Formation”; in ''The Condor''; 69(4):400-404 (1967)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thorn-tailed rayadito」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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